Implementación de un programa de terapia intravenosa en pacientes nefrológicos: análisis de los resultados / Implementation of an Intravenous Therapy Program in Nephrological Patients: Analysis of Results

Introducción:Evaluar la prevalencia y el impacto del uso de líneas medias canalizadas por el Equipo de Infusión y Accesos Vasculares mediante punción eco-guiada comparada con la es-trategia endovenosa convencional (punción de catéter venoso periférico por enfermeras de hospitalización) en una unidad de nefrología y trasplante renal.Material y Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se compararon 3 periodos: pre-implantación, implantación y consolidación del Equipo de Infusión y Accesos Vasculares. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes ingresados en las unidades de hospitalización de Nefrología y Trasplante Renal que requirie-ron de la colocación de catéteres vasculares periféricos y línea media. Se analizó la prevalencia de acceso venoso, el tiempo de permanencia y los motivos de retirada (complicaciones).Resultados: La incidencia de los catéteres vasculares perifé-ricos fue decreciente mientras que el de las líneas medias se incrementó progresivamente en los tres períodos. Así mismo, no se observaron diferencias en el tiempo medio de perma-nencia de los catéteres vasculares periféricos mientras que la permanencia de días de la línea media se incrementó.Se confirma en todos los periodos una tasa de complicaciones más elevada y variable en los catéteres vasculares periféricos; mientras que en la línea media la tasa de complicaciones fue menor y más estable.Conclusiones: La implementación de un programa de terapia intravenosa en pacientes nefrológicos ha permitido minimizar el número de dispositivos venosos por paciente, con la conse-cuente reducción de punciones durante el ingreso, así como la disminución de las complicaciones asociadas a la canaliza-ción venosa (menor morbilidad).Palabras clave: Equipo de Infusión y Accesos Vasculares (EIAV); Líneas Medias (LM); Catéteres Vasculares Periféricos (CVP); complicaciones; paciente nefrológico. (AU)

Objective:To evaluate the prevalence and impact of midline catheters inserted by the Infusion and Vascular Access Team using echo-guided puncture compared to conventional intra-venous strategies (peripheral venous catheter insertion by hospitalization nurses) in a nephrology and kidney transplant unit.Material and Method: This is a retrospective observational study. Three periods were compared: pre-implementation, implementation, and consolidation of the Infusion and Vas-cular Access Team. All patients admitted to the Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation hospitalization units requiring the placement of peripheral vascular catheters and midline were included. The prevalence of venous access, dwell time, and reasons for removal (complications) were analyzed. Resultados: The incidence of peripheral vascular catheters decreased while that of midlines progressively increased in all three periods. Moreover, there were no differences in the mean dwell time of peripheral vascular catheters, whereas the dwell time of midlines increased. A higher and variable rate of complications was confirmed in peripheral vascular catheters in all periods, while in midlines, the complication rate was lower and more stable.Conclusions: Implementing an intravenous therapy program in nephrology patients has allowed for minimizing the num-ber of venous devices per patient, resulting in a reduction in punctures during hospitalization and a decrease in com-plications associated with venous cannulation (lower mor-bidity). (AU)

The Current State of Kidney Supportive Care in Nephrology Nursing Practice: A Literature Review.

Kidney disease is associated with a high physical and psychological symptom burden. For patients whose condition is more compromised, receiving dialysis as a life-sustaining therapy may not improve longevity or quality of life. Palliative care for patients with kidney disease (also termed kidney supportive care [KSC]) is appropriate for this patient population. Nephrology nurses working in dialysis are well positioned to talk with patients about what patients perceive constitutes a meaningful life or death. A literature review was undertaken to find evidence about if and how nephrology nurses engage in KSC with patients receiving dialysis. Based on the 29 articles included in this review, the overarching finding was nephrology nurses working in dialysis are not routinely engaging in KSC. Reasons for this are varied and warrant further investigation.

Evaluation of the use of a Renal Health application by kidney transplant recipients / Avaliação do uso do aplicativo Renal Health por transplantados renais / Evaluación del uso de la Aplicación Renal Health por parte de los receptores de trasplante renal

Abstract Objective: to evaluate the use of a renal health application by kidney transplant recipients. Method: a retrospective, observational study with a sample composed of individuals registered in the kidney transplant section of the application from July of 2018 to April of 2021. Demographic data, data entry, time of use, weight, blood pressure, blood glucose, creatinine, medication schedules, appointments, and tests were the variables collected. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed. Results: eight hundred and twenty-three downloads of the application were identified, and 12.3% of those were registered as kidney transplant recipients, the majority from southeastern Brazil (44.9%), 36±11 years old, and female (59.1%). Of the sample, 35.1% entered information such as creatinine (62%), weight (58.2%), and blood pressure (51.8%). Most used the application for one day (63.3%) and 13.9% for more than one hundred days. Those who used it for more than one day (36.7%) recorded weight (69%), medication intake (65.5%) and creatinine (62%), and scheduled appointments (69%). Conclusion: the kidney transplant recipient section of the Renal Health application generated interest in the young population, but showed low adherence throughout the assessed months. These results offer a relevant perspective on the implementation of mHealth technologies in kidney transplantation.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar o uso do aplicativo Renal Health por transplantados renais. Método: estudo observacional retrospectivo com amostra composta por usuários que realizaram cadastro na seção para transplantados renais do aplicativo de julho de 2018 a abril de 2021. Foram coletadas as seguintes variáveis: dados demográficos, inserção de dados, tempo de uso, registros de peso, pressão arterial, glicemia, creatinina, horários das medicações, consultas e exames. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados. Resultados: houve 1.823 downloads do aplicativo e 12,3% cadastraram-se na seção para transplantados renais, a maioria do Sudeste do Brasil (44,9%), com 36±11 anos e do sexo feminino (59,1%). Da amostra, 35,1% inseriram informações como creatinina (62%), peso (58,2%) e pressão arterial (51,8%). A maioria utilizou o aplicativo por um dia (63,3%) e 13,9% por mais de cem dias. Os que utilizaram por mais de um dia (36,7%), inseriram peso (69%), agendaram consultas (69%), medicações (65,5%) e creatinina (62%). Conclusão: a seção para transplantados renais do aplicativo Renal Health despertou interesse na população jovem, mas apresentou baixa adesão ao longo dos meses avaliados. Esses resultados oferecem perspectiva relevante na implementação de tecnologias mHealth no transplante renal.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar el uso de la aplicación Renal Health por parte de los receptores de trasplante renal. Método: estudio observacional retrospectivo con una muestra compuesta por usuarios que se registraron en la sección de trasplantados renales dentro de la aplicación desde julio de 2018 hasta abril de 2021. Se recolectaron las siguientes variables: datos demográficos, ingreso de datos, tiempo de uso, registros de peso, presión arterial, glucosa en sangre, creatinina, esquemas de medicación, consultas y exámenes. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos. Resultados: Ocurrieron 1.823 descargas de la aplicación y 12,3% se registró en la sección de trasplantados, la mayoría del sudeste de Brasil (44,9%), con edad de 36±11 años y del sexo femenino (59,1%). De la muestra, 35,1% ingresó información como: creatinina (62%), peso (58,2%) y presión arterial (51,8%). La mayoría utilizó la aplicación durante un día (63,3%) y el 13,9% más de cien días. Quienes lo usaron por más de un día (36,7%), agregaron peso (69%), programación de consultas (69%), medicación (65,5%) y creatinina (62%). Conclusión: la sección para trasplantados renales de la aplicación Renal Health despertó interés en la población joven, pero mostró baja adherencia en los meses evaluados. Estos resultados ofrecen una perspectiva relevante en la implementación de tecnologías mHealth en el trasplante renal.

Observations in the Field Concerning Home Dialysis.

This article describes observations and findings related to home dialysis therapy. Dialyzing at home provides many benefits, giving patients more flexibility and autonomy. Ensuring proper education and training, and home adaptation is critical for patient safety. Survey findings related to group training, home visits, medical records, and the use of patient care technicians in home dialysis are reviewed. Implications for nephrology nursing in each scenario are discussed, including survey guidance for transitional care dialysis.

How Can Nurses Support Patients on Hemodialysis Who Experience Needle Fear? An Online Educational Intervention for Nephrology Nurses.

Nephrology nurses struggle to support patients on hemodialysis who experience needle fear due to absence of adequate programs or guidelines. Therefore, we have designed an educational intervention for nurses to learn techniques and strategies to support patients with needle fear and review best cannulation practices with minimal trauma to improve patients' experience of dialysis. A pre-post design measured self-reported confidence in nurses' ability to support patients on dialysis who have a fear of needles. We found nurses can benefit from targeted educational interventions that provide information and strategies regarding needle fear management. Findings from this study have a potential to be transferred to other chronic disease settings with frequent needle use.

A 50th Anniversary Visit to the Nephrology Nursing Journal Archives: The Early Years.

This year (2023) marks the 50th year of the publication of the official journal of the American Nephrology Nurses Association (ANNA). To recognize this event, we conducted an archival review of the journal dating back to the first issue. The review provided a glimpse into the care of patients with kidney disease and the history of nephrology nursing. This article focuses on the early years of the journal.

Mapeo de la percepción individual y del entorno organizacional para la práctica clínica basada en la evidencia entre enfermeras renales en España / Mapping of individual perception and the organizational environment for evidence-based clinical practice among renal nurses in Spain

Objetivo: Analizar la percepción de las enfermeras renales en España en relación con el entorno organizacional para la práctica clínica basada en la evidencia (PCBE); y determinar qué factores profesionales y del contexto influyen en esta percepción. Material y Método: Estudio observacional transversal multicéntrico, en 15 servicios de nefrología de distintos hospitales en España y 2 centros de diálisis. Se utilizaron los instrumentos Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) y Evidence Based Practice Questionnarie (EBPQ). Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo, bivariado (ANOVA, Kruskall-Wallis), y regresión logística con la puntuación total del EBPQ como variable dependiente.Resultados: Se recibieron 397 encuestas (participación 84,28%), tras depuración encuestas, fueron válidas 382 (81,1% población): 82,7% mujeres, edad media 42 años, media de experiencia profesional como enfermera 18,2 años (12,2 años en nefrología), 94,8% clínicas, 81,9% de hemodiálisis. Puntuación media PES-NWI 62,35±15,10 (IC 95%: 60,78-48,06). Presentaron menores puntuaciones en algunos factores del PES-NWI las enfermeras de centros >500 enfermeras, que trabajan en hemodiálisis y >11 años de experien-cia profesional. Las enfermeras gestoras presentaron mayores puntuaciones en todos los factores del PES-NWI. Puntuación media EBPQ 81,05±21,92 (IC 95%: 78,70-83,4). Presentaron mayores puntuaciones en varios factores del EBPQ las enfermeras con menor experiencia profesional, mejor puntuación en PES-NWI y que poseían estudios de postgrado.Conclusiones: Los factores que más influyen en la percepción de las enfermeras renales en España son la experiencia profesional, el rol dentro de la organización, un contexto favorable y la formación de postgrado.(AU)

Objective: To analyze the perception of renal nurses in Spain regarding the organizational environment for evidence-based clinical practice (EBCP), and to determine what professional and context factors influence such perception.Material and Method: A crosssectional observational multicenter study was carried out in 15 nephrology services from different Spanish hospitals and 2 dialysis centers. The Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) and Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ) tools were used. A descriptive, bivariate statistical analysis (ANOVA, Kruskall-Wallis) and logistic regression were performed with the EBPQ total score as the dependent variable.Results: A total of 397 surveys were received (participation rate: 84.28%), and after processing the surveys 382 were valid (81.1% of the population): 82.7% were women, with a mean age of 42 years, a mean of 18.2 years of professional experience as a nurse (12.2 years in nephrology), 94.8% were clinical nurses, and 81.9% worked in hemodialysis. The average PES-NWI score was 62.35±15.10 (95% CI:60.78-48.06). Nurses in centers with more than 500 nurses, those who worked in hemodialysis, and those with more than 11 years of professional experience had lower scores on some PES-NWI factors. Nurse managers had higher scores in all PES-NWI factors. The average EBPQ score was 81.05±21.92 (95% CI:78.70-83.4). Nurses with less professional experience the better PES-NWI scores; also, postgraduate nurses had higher scores on several EBPQ factors. Conclusions: Factors that most influence the perception of Spanish renal nurses are professional experience, role within the organization, a favorable context, and postgraduate education.(AU)

Valoración de la fragilidad en un centro de diálisis. ¿Son más frágiles los pacientes con diabetes? / Fragility assessment in a dialysis center. Are patients with diabetes more fragile than others?

Introducción: El incremento en la inclusión de personas de edad avanzada a los programas de hemodiálisis se relaciona con un aumento de la prevalencia de fragilidad, considerada predictora de discapacidad y asociada a eventos adversos de salud. Dado su carácter reversible, es importante hacer un cribaje para mejorar la práctica clínica.Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de fragilidad y estado funcional del paciente en nuestra unidad de hemodiálisis y analizar las diferencias entre diabéticos y no diabéticos. Material y Método: Estudio observacional de corte transversal. La fragilidad se midió utilizando el fenotipo de Fried y la valoración funcional mediante las escalas Barthel, Lawton, Downton y la Short Physical Performance Battery. Se evaluó comorbilidad y riesgo de caídas con las escalas Charlson y Downton respectivamente. Se comparó entre grupos de diabéticos y no diabéticos y se analizó la relación entre la fragilidad y la edad, dependencia, comorbilidad y riesgo de caídas.Resultados: Se incluyeron 128 pacientes. El 45% tenían Diabetes. Los pacientes con diabetes tenían una edad media mayor que los no diabéticos (74,2±11 vs 67,8±15 años) y mayor comorbilidad (Charlson 8,2±2,2 vs 5,8±2,4). El 25% de los pacientes presentaron fragilidad, observando una tendencia que sugirió mayor fragilidad, peor capacidad funcional y mayor grado de dependencia en los pacientes diabéticos, aunque de forma no significativa. Conclusiones: Una cuarta parte de la población estudiada presenta fragilidad, con una tendencia más acusada a padecerla los pacientes diabéticos, que podría estar relacionada con mayor edad, mayor comorbilidad y menor capacidad funcional que los no diabéticos.(AU)

Introduction: The increase in the inclusion of elderly people in hemodialysis programs is connected to a rise in the prevalence of their frailty, considered as well as a prediction of disability and often associated with adverse health events. Given its reversible nature, screening is essential to improve clinical practice.Objective: To assess the frailty index and the patient functional status in our hemodialysis unit, as well as analyze the differences between diabetics and non-diabetics.Material and Method: Observational cross-sectional study. Frailty was measured using the Fried phenotype and functional assessment using the Barthel, Lawton, Downton, and Short Physical Performance Battery scales. Comorbidity and fall risk were evaluated with the Charlson and Downton scales, respectively. Diabetic and nondiabetic groups were compared, as well as the relationship between frailty and age, dependency, comorbidity, and fall hazard was analyzed. Results: A hundred and twenty-eight patients were included in the study. 45% had diabetes. Diabetic patients had a higher average age than nondiabetics (74.2±11 vs 67.8±15 years) and higher comorbidity (Charlson 8.2±2.2 vs 5.8±2.4). Twenty-five percent of the patients had frailty, observing a trend that suggests higher frailty, worse functional capacity, and a higher degree of dependency in diabetic patients, although not significantly.Conclusions: A quarter of the sampled analyzed presents frailty, with a more pronounced tendency to suffer from it in the case of diabetic patients, which could be related to older age, higher comorbidity, and less functional capacity than non-diabetic people.(AU)

Impacto de una intervención psicoeducativa en la habilidad para el cuidado, del cuidador principal del paciente en diálisis peritoneal / Impact of a psychoeducational intervention on the caregiving skills of the primary caregiver of a patient on peritoneal dialysis

Introducción: Desarrollar la habilidad para el cuidado por parte del cuidador principal del paciente en diálisis peritoneal requiere de un proceso de adaptación, en el que las intervenciones psicoeducativas son una estrategia importante.Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención psicoeducativa en la habilidad para el cuidado del cuidador principal.Material y Método: Estudio cuasi experimental, con un diseño prepost, con un único grupo. La muestra estuvo formada por 40 cuidadores de pacientes en diálisis peritoneal. Se analizaron habilidad del cuidado, de afrontamiento y de adaptación, preintervención y post-intervención, mediante el inventario de Habilidad de Cuidado y la escala de medición de Afrontamiento y Adaptación. La intervención consistió en un programa estructurado sobre estrategias para mejorar el proceso de afrontamiento, adaptación al rol y desarrollo de nuevas habilidades, por parte del cuidador, llevado a cabo por un equipo multidisciplinario. Se estudiaron, además, sexo, edad, estado civil, ocupación, parentesco, tiempo dedicado a recreación y tiempo dedicado al cuidado. Resultados: El cuidador fue principalmente mujer (80%, n=32), con dedicación al hogar 47,5% (n=19), y de estado civil casado, 62,5% (n=25). Encontramos diferencias pre y post intervención en la habilidad general (211,03 + 36,30 vs 230,60 + 16,72, p<0,001), y en la capacidad global de afrontamiento y adaptación (129,32 + 12,55 vs 136,70 + 16,28, p=<0,008).Conclusión: La intervención psicoeductiva aumenta las habilidades generales de cuidados y los mecanismos de afrontamiento y adaptación en los cuidadores de pacientes en diálisis peritoneal.(AU)

Introduction: Developing the caregiver’s ability to care for a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis requires an adaptation process, in which psychoeducational interventions are important strategies.Objective: To evaluate the impact of a psychoeducational intervention on the caregiver’s ability to care for the patient. Material and Method: This quasi-experimental pre-post design study involved a single group of 40 caregivers of peritoneal dialysis patients. Caregiving, coping, and adaptation abilities were analyzed pre- and post-intervention using the Caregiving Ability Inventory and the Coping and Adaptation Scale. The intervention consisted of a structured program on strategies to improve coping, role adaptation, and the development of new skills by the caregiver, carried out by a multidisciplinary team. Gender, age, marital status, occupation, relationship to the patient, time spent on recreation, and time spent on caregiving were also studied.Results: The caregiver was mainly a woman (80%, n=32), 47,5% (n=19) were dedicated to the home, and 62,5% were married. Differences before and after the intervention in general ability (211,03 + 36,30 vs 230,60 + 16,72, p<0,001), and in the overall coping and adaptation ability (129,32 + 12,55 vs 136,70 + 16,28, p=<0,008) were found.Conclusion: Psychoeducational intervention increases general care skills and coping and adaptation mechanisms in caregivers of patients on peritoneal dialysis.(AU)

Significado de la hemodiálisis para la persona con enfermedad renal crónica / Meaning of hemodialysis for a person with chronic kidney disease

Introducción: La Enfermedad Renal se considera un problema de salud pública asociado a los estilos de vida de la población. El progreso de la enfermedad a estadio terminal requiere tratamiento de hemodiálisis, condición de salud que genera cambios a nivel social, económico, emocional y físico.Objetivo: Describir los significados que asigna la persona con enfermedad renal crónica al tratamiento de hemodiálisis.Material y Método: Investigación cualitativa, con enfoque en la teoría fundamentada. Al estudio se vincularon 18 personas mayores de 18 años de edad y en tratamiento de hemodiálisis. La recolección de la información se hizo a través de entrevistas en profundidad hasta conseguir la saturación teórica. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo en el programa ATLAS.ti9. Resultados: Se hallaron cuatro categorías: perdiendo la función renal, modificando los estilos de vida, cambiando la forma de vivir con la hemodiálisis y viviendo con hemodiálisis, estas categorías, simbolizan los significados al tratamiento de hemodiálisis. Conclusión: El tratamiento con hemodiálisis cambia el pronóstico de la enfermedad renal crónica, disminuyendo la morbilidad y la mortalidad. La persona durante el tratamiento debe adaptarse y enfrentar cambios físicos, fisiológicos, emocionales, sociales y familiares.(AU)

Introduction: Kidney disease is considered a public health problem directly associated with people’s lifestyles. The disease ́s evolution into the terminal stage requires hemodialysis treatment, a health situation that generates changes at a social, economic, emotional, and physical level.Objective: To describe the meaning that patients with chronic kidney disease link to hemodialysis treatment.Material and Method: Qualitative research, focusing on solid base theory. Eighteen people over 18 years old and undergoing hemodialysis treatment were considered in the survey. The information gathering was carried out through indepth interviews until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data analysis was carried out using ATLAS.ti9 program.Results: Four categories were found: 1) losing kidney function, 2) changing lifestyles, 3) changing the way of living with hemodialysis treatment, and 4) living with hemodialysis treatment. These categories provide further meaning to hemodialysis treatment.Conclusions: Hemodialysis treatment changes the prognosis of chronic kidney disease, reducing morbidity and mortality. During the treatment, the patient must face and get adapted to physical, physiological, emotional, social, and family changes.(AU)

Tecnologias educacionais utilizadas pelo enfermeiro junto ao idoso em hemodiálise: um protocolo de revisão de escopo / Educational technologies used by the nurse with the elderly on hemodialysis: a scoping review protocol

OBJETIVO: Mapear as tecnologias educacionais utilizadas pelo enfermeiro no cuidado ao idoso em hemodiálise. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um protocolo de revisão de escopo desenvolvido com base nas recomendações do Manual do Instituto Joanna Briggs e registrado na Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/9qfge. A busca pelos artigos será realizada nas bases de dados Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, BDENF, CINAHL e Google Scholar. Serão considerados elegíveis os estudos que respondam à pergunta de pesquisa "Quais são as tecnologias educacionais utilizadas pelo enfermeiro ao idoso em hemodiálise?". Dois revisores atuarão de maneira independente para promover a seleção dos artigos. O software Rayyan será utilizado como ferramenta para auxiliar no arquivamento dos documentos. As listas de referências dos artigos selecionados também serão consultadas. Caso haja divergências entre os revisores, um terceiro revisor fará a apreciação para resolver as discordâncias. Para a síntese e extração dos dados, os autores utilizarão um formulário previamente elaborado. A apresentação dos resultados será feita por meio de quadros, fluxogramas, resumo e discussão narrativa.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the educational technologies used by nurses in the care of the elderly on hemodialysis. METHOD: This is a scoping review protocol developed based on the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual and registered with the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/9qfge. Articles will be searched in Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, BDENF, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases. Studies that answer the research question, "What educational technologies are used by nurses working with the elderly in hemodialysis?" will be considered eligible. Two reviewers will work independently to select articles. Rayyan software will be used as a tool to assist in document archiving. The reference lists of the selected articles will also be consulted. A third reviewer will assess the disagreement in case of disagreement between the reviewers. For data synthesis and extraction, the authors will use a pre-designed form. The results will be presented in tables, flowcharts, summaries, and narrative discussions.

The Australian and New Zealand nephrology nursing workforce: clinical pressure and organisational culture.

There has been increasing prevalence in the community of chronic kidney disease and an increased demand for nephrology trained nursing staff.We explored how nephrology trained nurses are impacted by daily caseload pressure, organisational support and workplace education.A co-designed 57-item questionnaire developed by the research team and clinical nephrology nurses hosted on Qualtrics™ was distributed to nephrology nurses in Australia and New Zealand.The 370 respondents described a strong professional identity as a nephrology nurse. 70% described pressure to work overtime and only 2% were adequately staffed. 40% felt at times that their patients clinical care was 'unsafe' and one-third described the erosion of work-based educational opportunities. However, team collegiality was high, a strength of the nursing profession.The nephrology nursing workforce will face important challenges over the next decade and there must be an organisational response to prevent continued staff shortages.

Utilização de eHealth pela pessoa com doença renal crónica / Use of eHealth by people with chronic kidney disease

Conhecida como um flagelo e um desafio à escala mundial, a doença renal crónica (DRC) é um importante problema de saúde pública. Estima-se que 1 em cada 10 adultos no mundo possa sofrer de DRC, e que se esta não for tratada poderá conduzir à morte. A deteção precoce poderá amenizar a progressão da doença, no entanto a autogestão é considerada por estas pessoas um processo complexo e multifacetado que requer apoio e estratégias eficazes para melhorar a qualidade de vida, capacitando-os a assumir um papel mais interventivo, incentivando à mudança de comportamentos e à adoção de estilos de vida saudáveis. Pretende-se com este relatório de estágio apresentar o desenvolvimento das competências comuns do enfermeiro especialista, de acordo com o Regulamento nº 140/2019, da Ordem dos Enfermeiros e das competências especificas do enfermeiro de nefrologia de acordo com as competências recomendadas por Chamney (2007). Com a finalidade de desenvolver as competências de enfermeiro especialista e mestre realizaram-se três estágios nos diferentes contextos de nefrologia numa instituição hospitalar de referência. Realizou-se uma revisão scoping para mapear e analisar as eHealth que são utilizadas pelas pessoas com DRC, orientada pela metodologia proposta pelo Joana Briggs Institute (Peters et al., 2020). A sua elaboração foi crucial para analisar o potencial das eHealth enquanto recurso para traçar estratégias capazes de melhorar a qualidade de vida, planear intervenções educativas, melhorar o conhecimento e perceção da doença, capacitando assim estas pessoas para o autocuidado com eficácia. O referencial teórico presente neste relatório, é a teoria de médio alcance de Rozzano Locsin - Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing, este teórico refere a competência tecnológica como um complemento, uma mais valia na arte de "cuidar", refere que os enfermeiros devem ter competências que lhes permitam fazer uso destas inovações, sem menosprezar o cuidado humano, num ambiente onde possam coexistir harmoniosamente. O relatório de estágio irá propiciar a divulgação de evidência disponível sobre a temática, clarificar e identificar lacunas do conhecimento neste âmbito, permitindo assim contribuir para que futuramente se desenvolvam estudos sobre intervenções de enfermagem baseadas no feedback de eHealth e o seu impacto na vida do DRC.

Known as a blight and a challenge worldwide, the Chronical Kidney Disease (CKD) is an important public health issue. In average, 1 out 10 adults suffer of CKD, and left untreated, it can lead to death. An early detection can slow the overall progress of this condition, however it's self-management is considered a lengthy and complex process, that requires support and effective strategies to better their quality of life, empowering the patients to assume a more active role, opting for better habits and healthy lifestyles. The goal of this internship report is to reveal the development of the common skills of a nurse specialist, according to Regulation nº140/2019, from the Nurses Order, and the specific skills of a nephrology nurse, according to the skills recommended by Chamney (2007). With the aim of developing the skills of nurse specialist and master, three internships were taken in different contexts of the nephrological area in a referenced hospital institution. A scoping review was performed to map and analyze the eHealth technologies used by the people with CKD, oriented by the methodology proposed by the Joana Briggs Institute (Peters et al., 2020). It's execution was crucial to analyze the potential of the eHealth technologies as a resource to design strategies capable of improving quality of life, plan educational interventions, increase the knowledge and perception of this condition, empowering these people for efficient self-care. The theoretical reference used in the report, is the Mid-Range Theory by Rozzano Locsin ­ Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing. Locsin understands technological components as a complement to the art of "taking care", refering that nurses should have skills that allow them to use innovations, without disregarding the human side, in an environment where they can coexist peacefully. This internship report will provide awareness of evidence available regarding the theme, identify and clarify gaps in the knowledge in this scope, allowing future studies to further analyze nursing interventions based on feedback received from eHealth technologies and their impact on the lives of CKD patients.

Cuidado de enfermagem à pessoa em programa regular de hemodiálise no serviço de urgência / Nursing care for people on a regular hemodialysis program in the emergency department

O presente trabalho está inserido no décimo segundo curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem na Area de Especialização Médico-Cirúrgica com Área de Intervenção em Enfermagem Nefrológica da Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa e tem principal finalidade demonstrar a aquisição de competências adquiridas durante o percurso nos diferentes locais de estágio. A Insuficiência Renal Crónica é um problema de saúde global em crescimento com aumento da comorbilidade e mortalidade. Por esse motivo, esta população apresenta altas taxas de admissão em serviço de urgência sendo até seis vezes superior às taxas de admissão da população geral. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho espelha as experiências vivenciadas em três locais de estágio de contextos diferentes bem como a sua análise e reflexão crítica, com vista à obtenção de competências de Enfermeiro Especialista na Área de Intervenção de Enfermagem Nefrológica. Os referenciais teóricos utilizados foram o Modelo de Aquisição de Competências de Patrícia Benner e o Modelo de Cuidados Centrados na Pessoa de McCormack e McCance. Através da metodologia de Revisão Scoping são mapeados e revistos os conceitos relacionados com o cuidado de enfermagem à pessoa em programa regular de hemodiálise no serviço de urgência tendo sido definida como questão de investigação: "Quais as necessidades da pessoa em programa de hemodiálise no Serviço de Urgência?". As causas mais comuns de admissão ao serviço de urgência são insuficiência cardíaca, hipercalémia, sobrecarga hídrica e hipertensão. Podemos retirar que as necessidades das pessoas com IRChd passam pela identificação de fatores de risco assciados a um mau prognóstico (como idade, Diabetes Mellitus, comorbilidade, alterações analíticas), cuidados de enfermagem individualizados tendo em conta a patologia de base e o motivo de admissão e a construção de protocolos que visam diminuir o tempo de permanência em serviço de urgência.

The presenting dissertation is part of the twelfth intake cohort of the MedicalSurgical Nursing Masters with focus on Nursing interventions in Nephrology in the Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa. It aims to demonstrate the student's proficiency in nephrology nursing competencies, acquired throughout the different placements during the MSc programme. Chronic kidney disease is a well known public health problem with exponential growth across populations associated with worsening outcomes such as mortality and morbidity. Due to its prevalence, symptomatic burden and complications, patients have a high attendance rate to accident and emergency services (A&E), six times higher than other presenting complaints when compared to general population. This dissertation reflects the student experiences across the three different clinical placements, from a descriptive account to a critical reflect on its impact for learning and acquisition of specialist nursing competencies within the nephrology speciality. To guide and support a critical analysis , well established theories have been followed such as the Patricia Benner "From novice to Expert" theory and the McCormack and McCane's Person-Centred care model. Furthermore following a scoping review approach by the Joanna Briggs Institute, the last chapter focus on reviewing the literature to answer the review question " What are the needs of haemodialysis patient when attending A&E?". The most common causes of admission are chronic and congestive heart failure (AH os meus velhotinhos!), hypercalcemia, fluid and hypertension. To best support these patients, identification of risk factors suggestive of poor prognosis is paramount, such as associated co-morbidities including advanced age, diabetes mellitus and acute changes in blood tests (que alteracoes 'e importante especificares senao isto 'e demasiado basico). Furthermore, specialised nursing care tailored to underlying pathology and reason for admission alongside strong standard operating procedures and guidelines to reduce time in A&E are important to improve outcomes.

Enfermeiro de referência na pessoa com doença renal crónica em hemodiálise / Reference nurse for people with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis

O presente relatório, elaborado no contexto do curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, na Vertente Nefrológica, demonstra a aquisição de competências do Enfermeiro Especialista, apresentando-se as reflexões consequentes das atividades desenvolvidas em estágios e, também, explana as competências de mestre que foram adquiridas com a concretização de uma revisão scoping com o título: "Enfermeiro de Referência na pessoa com doença renal crónica em hemodiálise". As pessoas com Doença Renal Crónica (DRC) enfrentam grandes dificuldades na adaptação ao tratamento de Hemodiálise (HD), por ser um processo terapêutico complexo, exaustivo, exigente e sujeito a várias complicações, pelo que necessitam de ajuda consistente e permanente por parte da equipa de enfermagem. As pessoas em HD necessitam de alterar a sua dinâmica de vida, sendo fundamental manterem um papel ativo, de forma a evitar ou reduzir complicações intra e interdialíticas, na possível redução da morbilidade/mortalidade e na promoção do seu bem-estar físico, psicológico, social e espiritual. Devido a esta problemática, torna-se essencial que os cuidados de enfermagem sejam individualizados e centrados na promoção da adaptação da pessoa às limitações ocasionadas pela doença e respetivo tratamento. A Metodologia de Enfermeiro de Referência (MER) baseia-se num modelo de prestação de cuidados que valoriza uma intervenção holística, centrada na pessoa e com uma intervenção individualizada. O Enfermeiro de Referência assume a responsabilidade total da gestão dos cuidados de uma pessoa com DRC (ou várias) específica(s), durante todo o período terapêutico. Com a revisão scoping constatou-se que o Enfermeiro de Referência em Nefrologia deve estabelecer um acompanhamento individualizado e contínuo a cada pessoa, guiado pela melhor evidência científica. Adicionalmente, este profissional tem um papel fundamental na educação e formação desta população, sendo a sua principal função capacitar as pessoas para encarar esta nova condição de saúde. Desta forma, cada pessoa deve tornar-se responsável pela sua saúde, garantindo a redução de possíveis complicações e promovendo a adaptação a este tratamento e condição de vida

This report, prepared in the context of the master's degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing with specialisation in Nephrology, proves the acquisition of skills of the specialist nurse through reflection on the activities developed in internships and it also demonstrates the master skills that were gained from carrying out a scoping review with the title: 'Primary Nurse for the patient with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis'. The patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) faces great difficulties in adapting to hemodialysis (HD) treatment, as it is a complex therapeutic process. It is a very exhaustive, demanding treatment and subject to several complications, so people need consistent and permanent help from the nursing team. People in HD need to change their life dynamics, an active role is vital in order to avoid or reduce intra and interdialytic complications, in the possible reduction of morbidity/mortality and in the promotion of their physical, psychological and social well being. Due to this problem, it is essential that nursing care is individualised and focused on promoting the patient's adaptation to the limitations caused by the disease and treatment. The Primary Nurse Methodology (PNM) is based on a care delivery model that values a holistic, person-centred and individualized intervention. The Primary Nurse assumes full responsibility for the management of the care of a specific patient (or several) during the entire therapeutic period. With the scoping review, it was found that the Primary Nurse in nephrology should establish an individualised and continuous follow-up to each patient, guided by the best scientific evidence. We conclude that the intervention conducted by the Primary Nurse through support, education and prevention of complications is an essential tool to reduce and control symptoms. It was found that this professional also has a vital role in the education and training of the population, with their main function being to enable the patient to face this new health condition. Therefore, the patient becomes responsible for their health, ensuring the reduction of possible complications and promoting adaptation to this treatment and life condition.